Fullerenes and Buckyballs: Risk Studies

Andrievsky, G., Klochkov, V., Derevyanchenko, L. (July 2005). Is the C 60 Fullerene Molecule Toxic?! Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 13(4): 363-376.
Baierl, T., Drosselmeyer, E., Seidel, A., & Hippeli, S. (1996). Comparison of immunological effects of Fullerene C60 and raw soot from fullerene production and alveolar macrophages and macrophage like cells in vitro. Experimental Toxicology and Pathology, 48, 508-511.
Bernstein, R., Prat, F., & Foote, C. (1999). On the mechanism of DNA cleavage by fullerenes investigated in model systems: Electron transfer guanosine and 8-oxo-guanosine derivatives to C60. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121, 464-465.
Bosi, S., Feruglio, L., Da Ros, T., Spalluto, G., Gregoretti, B., Terdoslavich, M., Decorti, G,,Passamonti, S., Moro, S. & Prato, M. (2004). Hemolytic effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 47: 6711-6715.
Chen, Z., Westerhoff, P., and Herckes, P. (September 2008). Quantification Of C60 Fullerene Concentrations In Water. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27(9):1852–1859. Abstract [1]
Chen, H. H. C., Yu, C., Ueng, T. H., Liang, C. T., Chenc, B. J., Hong, C.C., & Chiang, Y. (1997). Renal effects of water-soluble polyarylsulfonated C60 in rats with an acute toxicity study. Fullerene Science and Technology, 5(7): 1387-1396.
Chen, H. H., Yu, C., Ueng, T. H., Chen, S., Chen, B. J., Huang, K. J., & Chiang, L. Y. (1998). Acute and subacute toxicity study of water-soluble polyalkylsulfonated C60 in rats. Toxicologic Pathology, 26, 143-151.
Deguchi, S; Yamazaki, T; Mukai, S; Usami, R; Horikoshi, K. (June 2007). Stabilization of C-60 nanoparticles by protein adsorption and its implications for toxicity studies. Chemical Research In Toxicology, 20 (6): 854-858. Abstract [2].
Dhawan, A., Taurozzi, J.S, Pandey, A.K., Shan, W., Miller, S.M, Hashsham, S.A., and Tarabara, V.V. (September 2006). Stable Colloidal Dispersions of C60 Fullerenes in Water: Evidence for Genotoxicity. Environmental Science and Technology, 40 (23), 7394 -7401. Abstract [3].
Duncan, L.K., Jinschek, J.R., and Vikesland, P.J. (2008). C60 Colloid Formation in Aqueous Systems: Effects of Preparation Method on Size, Structure, and Surface Charge. Environ. Sci. Technol.,42 (1): 173–178. Article [4]
Engineered Nanoparticles: Review of Health and Environmental Safety (ENRHES). (2010, January). Edinburgh Napier University, Institute of Occupational Medicine (ION), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), and the Institute of Nanotechnology (IoN). Final Report [5]
Fang, J., Lyon, D.Y., et al. (April 2007). Effect of a Fullerene Water Suspension on Bacterial Phospholipids and Membrane Phase Behavior. Environ. Sci. Technol. , 41(7): 2636-2642. Abstract [6].
Fiorito, S., Serafino, A., Andreola, F., Togna, A., Bernier, P. (2006). Effects of fullerenes and single-wall carbon nanotubes on murine and human macrophages. Carbon, 44: 1100–1105
Fiorito, S., Serafino, A., Andreola, F., Togna, A., Tongna, G. (2006). Toxicity and biocompatibility of carbon nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 6(3): 591-599.
Foley, S., Curtis, A.D.M, Hirsch, A., Brettreich, M., Pelegrin, A., Seta, P., Larroque, C. (2002). Interaction of a water soluble fullerene derivative with reactive oxygen species and model enzymatic systems. Fullerenes, Nanoteubes, Carbon Nanostructures, 10: 49-67.
Foley, S., Crowley, C., Smaihi, J., Bonfils, C., Eflanger, B. F., Seta, P., & Larroque, C. (2002). Cellular localization of a water-soluble fullerene derivative. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications, 294, 116-119.
Foote, C. S., Diederich, F. N., Whetten, R., & Wudl, F. (1991). Buckminsterfullerene. Chemical and Engineering News, (Dec. 17), p. 2.
Fujitani,Y., Kobayashi, T., Arashidani, K. et al. (June 2008). Measurement of the Physical Properties of Aerosols in a Fullerene Factory for Inhalation Exposure Assessment. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5(6):380-389. Abstract [7].
Hamilton Jr, R.F., Buford, M.C., Wood, M.B. et al. (June 2007). Engineered carbon nanoparticles alter macrophage immune function and initiate airway hyper-responsiveness in the BALB/c mouse model. Nanotoxicology, 1(2): 104-117. Article [8]
Handy, RD; Owen, R; Valsami-Jones, E. (July 2008). The ecotoxicology of nanoparticles and nanomaterials: current status, knowledge gaps, challenges, and future needs. Ecotoxicology, 17(5): 315-447. Abstract [9]
Henry, T.B., Menn, F.M., Fleming, J.T. et al. (June 2007). Attributing effects of aqueous C-60 nano-aggregates to tetrahydrofuran decomposition products in larval zebrafish by assessment of gene expression. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(7): 1059-1065. Abstract [10]
Hu, X., Liu, J., Mayer, P., and Jiang, G. (September 2008). Impacts Of Some Environmentally Relevant Parameters On The Sorption Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons To Aqueous Suspensions Of Fullerene. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27(9):1868–1874. Abstract [11]
Huczko, A., & Lange, H. (1999). Fullerenes: experimental evidence for a null risk of skin irritation and allergy. Fullerene Science & Technology, 7: 935-939.
Isaacson, CW; Usenko, CY. et al. (December 2007). Quantification of fullerenes by LC/ESI-MS and its application to in vivo toxicity assays. Analytical chemistry, 79 (23): 9091-9097. Abstract [12]
Isakovic, A., Markovic, Z., Todorovic-Markovic, T., Nikolic, N., Vranjes-Djuric, S., Mirkovic, M., Dramicanin, M., Harhaji, L., Raicevic, N., Nikolic, Z., & Trajkovic, V. (2006). Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene. Toxicological Sciences Online, Abstract [13]
- NEW - Johnson, D. R., Methner, M. M., Kennedy, A. J., Steevens, J. A. (2010). Potential for occupational exposure to engineered carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental laboratory studies. Environmental Health Perspectives. 118(1): 49-54. Article [14]
Kamat, J.P., Devasagayam, T.P.A., Priyadarsini, K.I., Mohan, H. (2000). Reactive oxygen species mediated membrane damage induced by fullerene derivatives and its possible biological implications. Toxicology, 155: 55-61.
Kamat, J.P., Devasagayam, T.P.A., Mohan, H., Chiang, L.Y., Mitall, J.P. (1998) Effect of C-60(OH)(18) on membranes of rat liver microsomes during photosensitization. Fullerene Science and Technology, 6: 663-679.
Kamat, J. P., Debasagayam, T. P., Priyadarsini, K. I., Mohan, H. & Mittal, J.P. (1998). Oxidative damage induced by the fullerenes C60 on photosensitization in rat liver microscomes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 114, 145-159.
Kolosnjaj, J., Smarc, H., Moussa, F. (2007). Toxicity studies of fullerenes and derivatives. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 620: 168-180.
Kotelnikova, R. A., Kotelnikova, A. I., Bodganov, G. N., Romanova, V. S., Kuleshova, E. F., Parnes, Z. N., & Volâpin, M. E. (1996). Membranotropic Properties of the water soluble amino acid and peptide derivatives of fullerene C60. FEBS Letters, 389,111-114.
Levi, N., Hantgan, R.R., Lively, M.O., Carroll, D.L. and Prasad, G.L. (December 2006). C60-Fullerenes: detection of intracellular photoluminescence and lack of cytotoxic effects. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2006, 4:14. Article [15]
Li, YS; Wang, YG; Pennell, KD; Abriola, LM. (October 2008). Investigation of the transport and deposition of fullerene (C60) nanoparticles in quartz sands under varying flow conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(19): 7174-7180. Abstract [16]
Lovern, S.B., Strickler, J.R. and Klaper, R. (June 2007). Behavioral and Physiological Changes in Daphnia magna when Exposed to Nanoparticle Suspensions (Titanium Dioxide, Nano-C60, and C60HxC70Hx). Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(12): 4465-4470 Abstract [17]
Lovern, S.B. & Klaper, R. (2006). Daphnia Magna mortality when exposed to titanium dioxide and fullerene (C60) nanoparticles. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(4): 1132-1137. Abstract [18]
Lyon, DY; Brown, DA; Alvarez, PJJ. (2008). Implications and potential applications of bactericidal fullerene water suspensions: effect of nC(60) concentration, exposure conditions and shelf life. Water science and technology, 57 (10): 1533-1538. Abstract [19]
Mashino, T., Usui, N., Okuda, K., Hirota, T., & Machizuki, M. (2003). Respiratory chain inhibition by fullerene derivatibes: Hydrogen peroxide production caused by fullerene derivatibes and a respiratory chain system. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 11: 1433-1438.
Mori, T., Takada, H. et al. (August 2006). Preclinical studies on safety of fullerene upon acute oral administration and evaluation for no mutagenesis. Toxicology, 225(1): 48-54.
Moriguchi, T., Yano, K., Hokari, S., & Sonda, M. (1999). Effect of repeated application of C60 combined with UVA radiation onto hairless mouse back skin. Fullerene Science and Technology, 7(2): 195-209.
Moussa, F., Trivin, F., Ceolin, M., Hadchousel, P. Y., Sizaret, V., Greugny, V., Fabre, C., Rassat, A., & Szware, H. (1996). Early effects of C60 administration in Swiss mice: A preliminary account for in vivo C60 toxicity. Fullerene Science and Technology, 4(1): 21-29.
Nakajima, N., Nishi, C., Li, F. M., & Ikada, Y. (1996). Photo-induced cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene. Fullerene Science & Technology, 4(1): 1-19.
Nelson, M. A. Bomann, F. E., Bowden, G. T., Hooser, S. B. & Fernando, Q. (1993). Effects of acute and subchronic exposure of topically applied fullerene extracts on the mouse skin. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 9(4): 623-630.
Niwa, Y., Iwai, N. (March 2007). Nanomaterials induce oxidized low-density lipoprotein cellular uptake in macrophages and platelet aggregation. Circulation Journal, 71(3): 437-444. Article [20]
Nyberg, L; Turco, RF; Nies, L. (March 2008). Assessing the impact of nanomaterials on anaerobic microbial communities. Environmental science & technology, 42(6), 1938-1943. Abstract [21]
Oberdörster, E., Zhu, S., Blickley, T.M., McClellan-Green, P., Haasch, M.L. (2006). Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineered nanoparticles: Effects of fullerene (C60) on aquatic organisms. Carbon, 44: 1112–1120
Oberdorster, E. (2004). Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C 60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(10), 1058-1062.
Pickering, K. D. & Wiesner, M .R. (2005). Fullerol-sensitized production of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solution. Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 1359-1365.
Radomski, A., Jurasz, P., Alonso-Escalano, D., Drews, J., Morandi, M., Malinski, T., & Radomski, M.W. (2005). Nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation and vascular thrombosis. British Journal of Pharmacology, 146: 882-893.
Randan, F., Rosan, S., Boehm, F., Cantrell, A., Brellreich, M., Schoenberger, H., Hirsch, A. & Moussa, F. (2002). Cytotoxicity and photocytotoxicity of a dendritic C(60) mono-adduct and a malonic acid C(60) tris-adduct on Jurkat cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B, 67, 157-162.
Sakai, A. Yamakoshi, Y., & Miyata, N. (1999). Visible light irradiation of 60 fullerene causes killing and initiation of transformation in BALB/3T3 cells. Fullerene Science & Technology, 7, 743-756.
Sayes, C.M., Marchione, A.A., Reed, K.L., Warheit, D.B. (August 2007). Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessments of C-60 water suspensions in rats: Few differences in fullerene toxicity in vivo in contrast to in vitro profiles. Nano Letters, 7 (8): 2399-2406. Abstract [22]
Sayes, C. M., Fortner, J. D., Guo, W., lLyon, D., Boyd, A. M., Ausman, K. D., Tao, Y. J., Sitharaman, B., Wilson, L. J., Hughes, J. B., West, J. L. & Colvin, V. (2004). The differential cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerenes. Nano Letters, 4(10): 1881-1887.
Sayes, C. M., Gobin, A. M., Ausman, K. D., Mendez, J., West, J. L. & Colvin, V. L. (2005). Nano-C60 cytotoxicity is due to lipid peroxidation. Biomaterials, 26, 7587-7595.
Schuster,, D.I., Wilson, S.R., & Schinazi, R.F. (1996). Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity and cytotoxicity of derivatized buckminsterfullerenes. Bioorganiic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 6(11): 1253-1256.
Sera, N., Tokiwa, H. & Miyata, N. (1996). Mutagenicity of the fullerene C60-generated singlet oxygen dependent formation of lipid peroxides. Carcinogenesis, 17, 2163-2169.
Spurlin, T.A., and Gewirth, A.A. (January 2007). Effect of C60 on Solid Supported Lipid Bilayers. Nano Letters.
Terashima, M., Nagao, S. (February 2007). Solubilization of [60]fullerene in water by aquatic humic substances. Chemistry Letters, 36(2): 302-303. Abstract [23].
Tokuyama, H., Yamago, S., Nakamura, E., Shiraki, T. & Sugiura, Y. (1993). Photo-induced biochemical activity of fullerene carboxylic acid. Journal of the American Society, 115, 7918-7919.
Tong, Z., Bischoff, M., Nies, L., Applegate, B., and Turco, R.F. (April 2007). Impact of Fullerene (C60) on a Soil Microbial Communit. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41(8): 2985-2991. Abstract. [24]
Tsuchiya, T., Oguri, I., Nakajima, Y., Yamakoshi, N., Miyata, N. (1996). Novel harmful effects of [60]fullerene on mouse embryos in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Letters, 393, 139-145.
Ueng, T.H., Kang, J. J., Wang, H. W., Cheng, Y. W., Chiang, L. Y. (1997). Suppression of microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by fullerenol, a polyhydroxylated fullerene C60. Toxicology Letters, 93(1), 29-37.
Wang, Y., Li, Y., and Pennell, K.D. (September 2008). Influence Of Electrolyte Species And Concentration On The Aggregation And Transport Of Fullerene Nanoparticles In Quartz Sands. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27(9):1860–1867. Abstract [25]
Wong-Ekkabut, J; Baoukina, S; Triampo, W. et al. (June 2008). Computer simulation study of fullerene translocation through lipid membranes. Nature nanotechnology, 3(6): 363-368. Abstract [26].
Yamawaki, H., and Iwai, N. (January 2006). Cytotoxicity of water soluble fullerene in vascular endothelial cells. American Journal of Physiology, 290: 1495 – 1502. Abstract [27]. Article [28]
Yamago, S., Tokuyama, H., Nakamura, E., Kikuchi, K., Kananishi, S., Suek, K., Nakahara, H., Enomoto, S., & Ambe, F. (1995). In vivo biological behavior of a water-miscible fullerene: 14C labeling, absorption, distribution, excretion and acute toxicity. Chemistry & Biology, 2, 385-389.
Yan, S. L. Fan, C. H., & Zhu, H.S. (2001). Photo-induced cytotoxicity of malonic acid [C60]fullerene derivatives and its mechanism. Toxicology in Vitro, 16: 41-46.
Yang, X., Chen, L., Qiao, X., Fan, C. (May 2007). Photo-Induced Damages of Cytoplasmic and Mitochondrial Membranes by a [C60]Fullerene Malonic Acid Derivative, International Journal of Toxicology, 26(3): 197-201. Abstract [29].
Zhao, X., Striolo, A. & Cummings, P.T. (2005). C60 binds to and deforms nucleotides. Biophysical Journal 89: 3856-3862.
Zhu, X., Zhu, L., Li, Y., Duan, Z., Chen, W., Alvarez, P.J.J. (May 2007). Developmental toxicity in zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos after exposure to manufactured nanomaterials: buckminsterfullerene aggregates (nC60) and fullerol. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(5): 976–979. Abstract [30].

Last updated September 2008 - Mathilde Colin