*This page includes articles and reports on both nano-sized and other silver materials

- Toxicity
- Occupational, health and safety
- Detection, Measure and Remediation
- Antimicrobial effects
- Microbial resistance

Toxicity & Risk Assessment

• Ahamed, M; Karns, M; Goodson, M. et al. (December 2008). DNA damage response to different surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles in mammalian cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 233(3):404-410.
• Ahamed, M., Alsalhi, M.S., Siddiqui, M.K. (2010). Silver nanoparticle applications and human health. Clinica Chimica Acta , 411(23-24):1841-8. PMID: 20719239. Abstract
• Ahamed M, Posgai R, Gorey TJ, Nielsen M, Hussain SM, Rowe JJ. (2010). Silver nanoparticles induced heat shock protein 70, oxidative stress and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. , 242(3):263-9. Abstract
• Almofti, M.R., Ichikawa, T., Yamashita, K., et al. (2003). Silver ion induces a cyclosporine a-insensitive permeability transition in rat liver mitochondria and release of apoptogenic cytochrome C. J. Biochem., 134(1):43–49. Abstract
• Archer, SL. (May 2008). Dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block associated with ingestion of colloidal gold and silver is reversed by British antiLewisite and vitamin E: the potential toxicity of metals used as health supplements. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 124(5):397-9. Abstract
• Arora, S; Jain, J; Rajwade, JM; Paknikar, KM. (May 2009). Interactions of silver nanoparticles with primary mouse fibroblasts and liver cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 236(3): 310-318. Abstract
• Asharani, P. V., Hande MP, Valiyaveettil S (2009). Anti-proliferative activity of silver nanoparticles. BMC Cell Biology , Online ahead of print. PMID: 19761582. Abstract
• Asharani, P. V., Lianwu, Y., Gong, Z., and Valiyaveettil, S. (2010). Comparison of the toxicity of silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles in developing zebrafish embryos Nanotoxicology , Online ahead of print. Abstract
• - NEW - P. V. Asharani, Yi lianwu, Zhiyuan Gong, & Suresh Valiyaveettil (2011). Comparison of the toxicity of silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles in developing zebrafish embryos. Nanotoxicology.5(1): 43-54, doi:10.3109/17435390.2010.489207. Abstract.
• Asharani, PV; Wu, YL; Gong, ZY; Valiyaveettil, S. (June 2008). Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish models. Nanotechnology, 19(25). Abstract
• Benn, TM, Westerhoff P. (June 2008). Nanoparticle Silver Released into Water from Commercially Available Sock Fabrics. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(11): 4133–4139. Abstract
• Berry, W.J., Cantwell, M.G. et al. (1999). Predicting Toxicity Of Sediments Spiked With Silver. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 40-48. Abstract
• Bianchini A, Playle RC, Wood CM, et al. (July 2006). Short-term silver accumulation in tissues of three marine invertebrates: Shrimp Penaeus duorarum, sea hare Aplysia californica, and sea urchin Diadema antillarum. Aquatic Toxicology, 84(2): 182 -189.
• Bilberg K, Malte H, Wang T, Baatrup E. (2010). Silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate cause respiratory stress in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis). Aquatic Toxicology , 96(2):159-65.PMID: 19923013. Abstract
• Blaser, S.A., Scheringer, M., MacLeoda, M. and Hungerbühler, K. (2008). Estimation of cumulative aquatic exposure and risk due to silver: Contribution of nano-functionalized plastics and textiles. Science of The Total Environment, 390: 396–409. Abstract
• - NEW - Bouwmeester, H., Poortman, J., Peters, R. J., et al. (2011). Characterization of Translocation of Silver Nanoparticles and Effects on Whole-Genome Gene Expression Using an In Vitro Intestinal Epithelium Coculture Model. ACS Nano.Article ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/nn2007145. Abstract.
• Braydich-Stolle, L., Hussain, S., Schlager, J.J., and Hofmann, M.C. (2005). In vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian germline stem cells. Toxicol. Sci., 88: 412–419. Abstract
• Brown, C.L., Parchaso, F., Thompson, J.K., Luoma, S.N. (2003). Assessing Toxicant Effects in a Complex Estuary: A Case Study of Effects of Silver on Reproduction in the Bivalve, Potamocorbula amurensis, in San Francisco Bay. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 9(1): 95-119. Article
• Burd, A., Kwok, C.H., Hung, S.C. et al. (2007). A comparative study of the cytotoxicity of silver-based dressings in monolayer cell, tissue explant, and animal models. Wound Repair Regen., 15(1):94-104. Abstract
• Bury, N.R., McGeer, J.C, and Wood, C.M. (1999). Effects Of Altering Freshwater Chemistry On Physiological Responses Of Rainbow Trout To Silver Exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 50-55. Abstract
• Bury, N.R., Galvez, F., and Wood, C.M. (1999).
  Effects Of Chloride, Calcium, And Dissolved Organic Carbon On Silver Toxicity: Comparison Between Rainbow Trout And Fathead Minnows. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 56-62. Abstract
• Call DJ, Polkinghorne CN, Markee TP, et al. (July 2006). Toxicity of silver in water and sediment to the freshwater amphipod Hyalella azteca. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(7): 1802 -1808. Abstract
• Call, D.J., Polkinghorne, C.N. et al. (1999). Silver Toxicity To Chironomus Tentans In Two Freshwater Sediments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 30-39. Abstract
• Carlson, C., Hussain, S. M., Schrand, A. M. et al. (October 2008). Unique Cellular Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles: Size-Dependent Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. J. Phys. Chem. B, 112(43):13608–13619. Abstract
• Cha, K; Hong, HW; Choi, YG. et al. (November 2008). Comparison of acute responses of mice livers to short-term exposure to nano-sized or micro-sized silver particles. Biotechnology Letters, 30(11):1893-1899. Abstract
• Chae YJ, Pham CH, Lee J, Bae E, Yi J, Gu MB. (2009). Evaluation of the toxic impact of silver nanoparticles on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Aquatic Toxicology , 94(4):320-7. PMID: 19699002. Abstract
• Chappell, J.B. and Greviller, G.D. (1954). Effect of silver ions on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. Nature, 174: 930–931. Abstract
• Chen, X; Schluesener, HJ. (January 2008). Nanosilver: A nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicology Letters, 176(1): 1-12. Abstract
• Chen, D., Xi, T. Bai, J. (September 2007). Biological effects induced by nanosilver particles: in vivo study. Biomed. Mater., 2 S126-S128. Abstract
• hoi JE, Kim S, Ahn JH, Youn P, Kang JS, Park K, Yi J, Ryu DY. (2010). Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis by silver nanoparticles in the liver of adult zebrafish. Aquatic Toxicology , 100(2): 151-9. PMID: 20060176. Abstract.
• Chi ZX, Liu RT, Zhao LZ et al. (April 2009). A new strategy to probe the genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles combined with cetylpyridine bromide. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 72(3): 577-581. Abstract
• Choi, O., Hu, Z. (2008). Size Dependent and Reactive Oxygen Species Related Nanosilver Toxicity to Nitrifying Bacteria. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42 (12), 4583–4588. Abstract
• Choi, O., Deng, K.K., Kim, N.J., et al. (2008). The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions, and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. Water Research, in Press, Corrected Proof. Abstract
• Choi O, Yu CP, Esteban Fernández G, Hu Z. (2010). Interactions of nanosilver with Escherichia coli cells in planktonic and biofilm cultures. Water Research , E-Pub Ahead of Print.PMID: 20659752. Abstract
• Chun JY, Kang HK, Jeong L, Kang YO, Oh JE, Yeo IS, Jung SY, Park WH, Min BM. (2010). Epidermal cellular response to poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles.
  Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. , 78(2):334-42. PMID: 20399628. Abstract
• - NEW - E. Demir, Gerard Vales, Bülent Kaya, Amadeu Creus & Ricardo Marcos (2011). Genotoxic analysis of silver nanoparticles in Drosophila Nanotoxicology, 5(3): 417-424 (doi:10.3109/17435390.2010.529176). Abstract.
• Deng, F., Olesen, P., Foldbjerg, R., Dang, D. A., Guo, X., Autrup, H. (2010). Silver nanoparticles up-regulate Connexin43 expression and increase gap junctional intercellular communication in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 Nanotoxicology , 4(2): 186-195, DOI 10.3109/17435390903576451. Abstract
• Eckelman MJ,Graedel TE. (2007). Silver emissions and their environmental impacts: A multilevel assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (17): 6283-6289. Abstract
• El-Temsah YS, Joner EJ. (2010). Impact of Fe and Ag nanoparticles on seed germination and differences in bioavailability during exposure in aqueous suspension and soil. Environmental Toxicology , Epub ahead of print, PMID: 20549639. Abstract
• Ema M, Kobayashi N, Naya M, Hanai S, Nakanishi J. (2010). Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of manufactured nanomaterials. Reproductive Toxicology, 30(3):343-52. PMID: 20600821. Abstract.
• Eisler, R. (1996). A review of silver hazards to plants and animals, pp. 143-144. In: Andren, Anders W.; Bober, Thomas W. (ed.) The 4th international conference proceedings: transport, fate and
  effects of silver in the environment
• Ernst, E., Rungby, J., Baatrup, E. (1991). Ultrastructural localization of silver in rat testis and organ distribution of radioactive silver in the rat. Journal of applied toxicology, 11(5): 317-321. Article
• - NEW - Farkas J, Christian P, Gallego-Urrea JA, Roos N, Hassellöv M, Tollefsen KE, Thomas KV. (2011). Uptake and effects of manufactured silver nanoparticles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill cells. Aquatic Toxicology 101(1):117-25.PMID: 20952077. Abstract.
• Foldbjerg R, Olesen P, Hougaard M, Dang DA, Hoffmann HJ, Autrup H.(2009). PVP-coated silver nanoparticles and silver ions induce reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and necrosis in THP-1 monocytes. Toxicology Letters , 190(2):156-62.PMID: 19607894Abstract
• Fraser, J.F., Cuttle, L., Kempf, M., Kimble, R.M. (March 2004). Cytotoxicity of topical antimicrobial agents used in burn wounds in Australasia. ANZ Journal of Surgery, 74(3): 139-142. Article
• Friends of the Earth. (March 2007). Nanosilver - a threat to soil, water and human health? Report.
• Galvez, F. and Wood, C.M. (1999). Physiological Effects Of Dietary Silver Sulfide Exposure In Rainbow Trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 84-88. Abstract
• Gan, X. Liu, T., Zhong, J. et al. (2004). Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on the Electron Transfer Reactivity and the Catalytic Activity of Myoglobin. Chembiochem, 5: 1686–1691. Abstract
• - NEW - Gao, J., Wang, Y., Hovsepyan, A., and J. J., Bonzongo (2011). Effects of engineered nanomaterials on microbial catalyzed biogeochemical processes in sediments. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1): 940-945 Abstract.
• Gao, J; Youn, S; Hovsepyan, A. et al. (May 2009). Dispersion and Toxicity of Selected Manufactured Nanomaterials in Natural River Water Samples: Effects of Water Chemical Composition. Environmental science & technology, 43(9): 3322-3328. Abstract
• Garner, M., Reglinski, J., Smith, W.E. and Stewart, M.J. (1994). The interaction of colloidal metals with erythrocytes. Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 56(4): 283–290.
• Ghandour, W., Hubbard, J.H., Deistung, J., Hughes, M.N., and Poole, R.K. (1998). The uptake of silver ions by Escherichia coli K12: toxic effects and interaction with copper ions. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , 28,6: 559-565. Abstract
• Gou N, Onnis-Hayden A, Gu AZ. (2010). Mechanistic toxicity assessment of nanomaterials by whole-cell-array stress genes expression analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(15):5964-70. PMID: 20586443. Abstract
• Greulich C, Kittler S, Epple M, Muhr G, Köller M. (May 2009). Studies on the biocompatibility and the interaction of silver nanoparticles with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Langenbecks Arch Surg., 394(3): 495-502. Abstract
• Greulich C, Diendorf J, Simon T, Eggeler G, Epple M, Köller M. (2010). Uptake and intracellular distribution of silver nanoparticles in human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater. , Online ahead of print. PMID: 20709196 Abstract
• Grigg, J., Tellabati, B., Rhead, S., Almeida, G.M., Higgins, J. A., Bowman, K. J., Jones, G. D., Howes, P. B. (2009). DNA damage of macrophages at an air-tissue interface induced by metal nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology, 3(4): 348-354. Abstract
• - NEW - Harald Hagendorfer, Christiane Lorenz, Ralf Kaegi, Brian Sinnet, Robert Gehrig, Natalie V. Goetz, Martin Scheringer, Christian Ludwig and Andrea Ulrich (2011). Size-fractionated characterization and quantification of nanoparticle release rates from a consumer spray product containing engineered nanoparticles. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 12(7): 2481-2494, DOI: 10.1007/s11051-009-9816-6. Abstract.
• Harris, A.T., Bali, B.R. (April 2008). On the formation and extent of uptake of silver nanoparticles by live plants. Journal of nanoparticle research, 10(4): 691-695. Abstract.
• Haxton, E., Hylander, L.D., Melhus, A. (2006). Silver – a toxic threat to our health and environment. Fact Sheet
• - NEW - Hendren CO, Mesnard X, Droge J, Wiesner MR. (2011). Estimating Production Data for Five Engineered Nanomaterials As a Basis for Exposure Assessment. Environmental Science & Technology.45(7):2562-2569, PMID: 21391627. Abstract.
• Hinther, A., VAwda, S., Skirrow, R. C., Veldhoen, N., Collins, P. Cullen, J. T., Van Aggelene, G., Helbing, C. C. (2010). Nanometals induce stress and alter thyroid hormone action in amphibia at or below North American water quality guidelines. Environmental Science & Technology, Article ASAP, DOI: 10.1021/es101902n. Abstract
• Hiriart-Baer, V.P., Fortin, C., Lee, D.Y., Campbell, P.G. (June 2006). Toxicity of silver to two freshwater algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Pseudokirchneriella sub-capitata, grown under continuous culture conditions: influence of thiosulphate. Aquatic toxicology, 15;78(2):136-48. Abstract
• Hogstrand, C., Wood, C.M. (1996). The toxicity of silver to marine fish, pp. 109-112. In: Andren, Anders W.; Bober, Thomas W. (ed.) The 4th international conference proceedings: transport, fate and
  effects of silver in the environment
• Hollinger, MA. (1996). Toxicological Aspects of Topical Silver Pharmaceuticals. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 26(3): 255-260. Abstract
• Hussain, S.M., Hess, K.L., Gearhart, J.M. et al. (2005). In vitro toxicity of nanoparticles in BRL 3A rat liver cells. Toxicol. In Vitro, 19: 975–983. Abstract
• Hsin, YH; Chena, CF; Huang, S. et al. (July 2008). The apoptotic effect of nanosilver is mediated by a ROS- and JNK-dependent mechanism involving the mitochondrial pathway in NIH3T3 cells. Toxicology Letters, 179(3):130-139
• Hyun, JS; Lee, BS; Ryu, HY; et al. (November 2008). Effects of repeated silver nanoparticles exposure on the histological structure and mucins of nasal respiratory mucosa in rats. Toxicology Letters, 182(1-3):24-28.
• Iwasaki, S., Yoshimura,A., Ideura, T. et al. (1997). Elimination study of silver in a hemodialyzed burn patient treated with silver sulfadiazine cream. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 30(2): 287–290. Abstract
• Ji, J.H., Jung, J.H., Yu, I.J., Kim, S.S. (July 2007). Long-Term Stability Characteristics of Metal Nanoparticle Generator Using Small Ceramic Heater for Inhalation Toxicity Studies. Inhalation Toxicology, 19(9): 745 - 751. Abstract
• Ji, J.H., Jung, J.H., Kim, S.S. et al. (January 2007). Twenty-Eight-Day Inhalation Toxicity Study of Silver Nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Inhalation Toxicology, 19(10): 857 - 871. Abstract
• - NEW - Jun EA, Lim KM, Kim K, Bae ON, Noh JY, Chung KH, Chung JH. (2011). Silver nanoparticles enhance thrombus formation through increased platelet aggregation and procoagulant activity. Nanotoxicology, 5(2): 157-167, PMID: 20822370. Abstract.
• Kakurai, M., Demitsu, T., Umemoto, N. et al. (2003). Activation of mast cells by silver particles in a patient with localized argyria due to implantation of acupuncture needles. Br. J. Dermatol., 148: 822. Abstract
• - NEW - Korani M, Rezayat SM, Gilani K, Arbabi Bidgoli S, Adeli S. (2011). Acute and subchronic dermal toxicity of nanosilver in guinea pig. International Journal of Nanomedicine.6:855-62., PMID: 21720498. Abstract.
• Karen, D.J., Ownby, D.R. et al. (1999). Influence Of Water Quality On Silver Toxicity To Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas), And Water Fleas (Daphnia Magna). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 63-70. Abstract
• Kawata, K., Osawa, M., Okabe, S.(2009). In vitro toxicity of silver nanoparticles at noncytotoxic doses to HepG2 human hepatoma cells.Environmental Science and Technology,43(15):6046-51. Abstract
• Khaydarov, RR; Khaydarov, RA; Estrin, Y. et al. (2009). Silver Nanoparticles: Environmental and Human Health Impacts, in Nanomaterials: Risks and Benefits, 287-297 - NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Abstract
• Kim, Y.S., Kim, J.S., Cho, H.S. et al. (April 2008). Twenty-Eight-Day Oral Toxicity, Genotoxicity, and Gender-Related Tissue Distribution of Silver Nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Inhalation Toxicology, 20(6):575-583. Abstract
• - NEW - Jiwon Kim , Sooyeon Kim, & Sungkyu Lee (2011). Differentiation of the toxicities of silver nanoparticles and silver ions to the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Nanotoxicology, 5(2): 208-214. Abstract.
• Kittler, S.; Greulich, C.; Koeller, M.; Epple, M. (April 2009). Synthesis of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles and their biological activity towards human mesenchymal stem cells. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 40 (4): 258-26440 (4): 258-264. Abstract
• Kittler, S., Greulich, C., Diendorf†, J., Koller, M., and Epple, M. (2010). Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Increases during Storage Because of Slow Dissolution under Release of Silver Ions Chemistry of Materials , 22(16): 4548–4554 doi:10.1021/cm100023p. Abstract
• Kolts, J.M., Boese, C.J., Meyer, J.S. (July 2006). Acute toxicity of copper and silver to Ceriodaphnia dubia in the presence of food. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 25(7):1831-5. Abstract
• Kone, B.C., Kaleta, M. and Gullans, S.R. (1988). Silver ion (Ag+) induced increases in cell membrane K+ and Na+ permeability in renal proximal tubule: reversal by thiol reagents. J. Membr. Biol., 102: 11–19. Abstract
• Kristiansen, S; Ifversen, P; Danscher, G. (July 2008). Ultrastructural localization and chemical binding of silver ions in human organotypic skin cultures. Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 130(1): 177-184. Abstract
• Krizkova S, Ryant P, Krystofova O, et al. (January 2008). Multi-instrumental analysis of tissues of sunflower plants treated with silver(I) ions - Plants as bioindicators of environmental pollution. Sensors, 8(1): 445–463. Article
• Kulthong, K., Srisung, S., Boonpavanitchakul, K., Kangwansupamonkon, W., and Maniratanachote, R. (2010). Determination of silver nanoparticle release from antibacterial fabrics into artificial sweat Particle and Fibre Toxicology , 7(8), doi:10.1186/1743-8977-7-8. Article
• Kumari M, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N.(2009). Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in Allium cepa. Science of the Total Environment. , 407(19):5243-6. PMID: 19616276. Abstract
• Kvitek, L; Vanickova, M; Panacek, A. et al. (March 2009). Initial Study on the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles (NPs) against Paramecium caudatum. Journal Of Physical Chemistry, C, 113(11): 4296-4300. Abstract
• Laban, G. Niles, L. R., Turco, R. F., Bickham, J. W., sepulveda, M. S. (2010). The effects of silver nanoparticles on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos Ecotoxicology , 19(1): 185-195 doi:10.1007/s10646-009-0404-4. Abstract
• Lam, P.K., Chan, E.S., Ho, W.S., and Liew, C.T. (2004). In vitro cytotoxicity testing of a nanocrystalline silver dressing (Acticoat) on cultured keratinocytes. Br. J. Biomed. Sci., 61(3): 125–127. Abstract
• Lansdown, A.B. (March 2007). Critical observations on the neurotoxicity of silver. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 37(3): 237-250. Abstract
• Lansdown, A.B. (2006). Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use. Current problems in dermatology, 33:17-34. Abstract
• Lapied, E., Moudilou, E., Exbrayat, J. M., Oughton, D. H., Joner, E. J. (2010). Silver nanoparticle exposure causes apoptotic response in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta). Nanomedicine , 5(6): 975-984 , DOI 10.2217/nnm.10.58. Abstract.
• Larese FF, D'Agostin F, Crosera M, et al. (January 2009). Human skin penetration of silver nanoparticles through intact and damaged skin. Toxicology, 255(1-2):33-7. Abstract
• Lee, K.J., Nallathamby,P.D., Browning, L.M., et al. (2007). In Vivo Imaging of Transport and Biocompatibility of Single Silver Nanoparticles in Early Development of Zebrafish Embryos. ACS Nano, 1(2), 133–143. Abstract
• Lesniak, W., Bielinska, A.U., Sun,K. (2005). Silver/dendrimer nanocomposites as biomarkers: fabrication, characterization, in vitro toxicity, and intracellular detection. Nano Lett., 5: 2123–2130. Article
• Li, T., Albee, B., Alemayehu, M., Diaz, R., Ingham, L., Kamal, S., Rodriguez, M., and Bishnoi, S. W. (2010). Comparative toxicity study of Ag, Au, and Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles on Daphnia magna. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(2): 689-700, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3915-1. Abstract
• - NEW - Loeschner K, Hadrup N, Qvortrup K, Larsen A, Gao X, Vogel U, Mortensen A, Rye Lam H, Larsen EH. (2011). Distribution of silver in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver acetate. Particle and Fibre Toxicology.8(1):18. PMID:
  21631937. Abstract.
• Lubick, N. (2008). Nanosilver toxicity: ions, nanoparticies-or both? Environmental science & technology, 42(23): 8617-8617. Abstract
• Martinez-Gutierrez F, Olive PL, Banuelos A, Orrantia E, Nino N, Sanchez EM, Ruiz F, Bach H, Av-Gay Y.(2010). Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of silver and titanium nanoparticles. Nanomedicine , Online ahead of print. PMID: 20215045. Abstract
• Meyer JN, Lord CA, Yang XY, Turner EA, Badireddy AR, Marinakos SM, Chilkoti A, Wiesner MR, Auffan M.(2010). Intracellular uptake and associated toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aquatic Toxicology , Online ahead of print. PMID: 20708279. Abstract
• Mikelova R, Baloun J, Petrlova J, et al. (2007). Electrochemical determination of Ag-ions in environment waters and their action on plant embryos. Bioelectrochemistry, 70(2): 508-518. Abstract
• Mirsattari, S.M., Hammond, R.R., Sharpe, M.D. et al. (2004). Myoclonic status epilepticus following repeated oral ingestion of colloidal silver. Neurology, 62: 1408–1410. Article
• Mitchell, D.N., Godwin, H.A., Claudio, E. (Spring 2004). Nanoparticle Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Comparative Study Using Au Colloid, Ag Colloid, and HAuCI4 3H2O in Solution. Nanoscape, 1:59-69. Article
• Miura, N, Shinohara, Y. (2010). Cytotoxic effect and apoptosis induction by silver nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. , 390(3):733-7 PMID: 19836347. Abstract
• Naddy RB, Rehner AB, Mcnerney GR, et al. (September 2007). Comparison of short-term chronic and chronic silver toxicity to fathead minnows in unamended and sodium chloride-amended waters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(9): 1922-1930. Article
• Naddy RB, Gorsuch JW, Rehner AB, et al. (August 2007). Chronic toxicity of silver nitrate to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna, and potential mitigating factors. Aquatic Toxicology, 84(1): 1-10. Article
• Nanomaterials Under REACH - Nanosilver as a Case Study. (2010) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands. Report
• National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program. Research Concept: Nanoscale silver. Presentation
• National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program. (December 2006). Nanoscale Silver - Nomination and Review of Toxicological Literature. Document
• Navarro, E; Piccapietra, F; Wagner, B. et al. (December 2008). Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(23):8959-8964. Abstract
• Nel, A. (2005). Air pollution-related illness: effects of particles. Science, 6(308): 04–806. Abstract
• Ohbo, Y., Fukuzako, H., Takeuchi, K. and Takigawa, M. (1996). Argyria and convulsive seizures caused by ingestion of silver in a patient with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 50: 89–90. Abstract
• Paddle-Ledinek, J.E., Nasa, Z., and Cleland, H.J. (2006). Effect of different wound dressings on cell viability and proliferation. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 117: 110S–118S. Abstract
• Panyala, NR; Pena-Mendez, EM; Havel, J. (2008). Silver or silver nanoparticles: a hazardous threat to the environment and human health? Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 6(3): 117-129.
• - NEW - Park, E.J, Bae, E., Yi, J., Kim, Y., Choi, K., Lee, S. H., Yoon, Y., Lee, B.C., and Park, K.(2010). Repeated-dose toxicity and inflammatory responses in mice by oral administration of silver nanoparticles Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 30(2): 162-168. Abstract.
• Park EJ, Yi J, Kim Y, Choi K, Park K.(2010). Silver nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity by a Trojan-horse type mechanism. Toxicology in Vitro , 24(3):872-8.PMID: 19969064 Abstract
• Pavlostathis SG, Maeng SK. (2000). Fate and effect of silver on the anaerobic digestion process. Water research, 34(16):3957-3966 .
• Pedroso MS, Bersano JG, Bianchini A. (October 2007). Acute silver toxicity in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa: influence of salinity and food. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 26(10): 2158 -2165. Abstract
• - NEW - Poda AR, Bednar AJ, Kennedy AJ, Harmon A, Hull M, Mitrano DM, Ranville JF, Steevens J.(2011). Characterization of silver nanoparticles using flow-field flow fractionation interfaced to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1218(27):4219-25. PMID: 21247580. Abstract.
• Poon, V.K., Burd, A. (2004). In vitro cytotoxity of silver: implication for clinical wound care. Burns, 30(2):140-7. Abstract
• Powell, M. (2011). Silver - Miraculous Cure-All or Toxic Heavy Metal? Article.
• Powers, C. M., Wrench, N., Ryde, I. T., Smith, A M., Seidler, F. J., Slotkin, T. A. (2010). Silver impairs neurodevelopment: Studies in PC12 cells Nanotoxicology, 118(1): 73-79. Abstract & Article
• Powers, C. M., Badireddy, A. P., Ryde, I. T., Seidler, F. J., Slotkin, T. A. (2010). Silver Nanoparticles Compromise Neurodevelopment in PC12 Cells: Critical Contributions of Silver Ion, Particle Size, Coating and Composition. Environmental Health Perspectives , Online ahead of print. Article
• Quadros, M. E. and Marr, L. C. (2010). Environmental and human health risks of aerosolized silver nanoparticles.Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. , 60: 770-781. Article
• - NEW - Quadros ME, Marr LC. (2011). Silver Nanoparticles and Total Aerosols Emitted by Nanotechnology-Related Consumer Spray Products. Environmental Science & Technology, Epub Ahead of Print, PMID: 22070550.Abstract.
• Ratte, H.T. (1999). Bioaccumulation And Toxicity Of Silver Compounds: A Review. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 89-108. Abstract
• Ringwood, A.H., McCarthy, M., Bates, T.C,, Carroll, D.L.(2010). The effects of silver nanoparticles on oyster embryos. Marine Environmental Research , Online ahead of print. PMID: 19913905Abstract
• Roh, JY; Sim, SJ; Yi, J. et al. (May 2009). Ecotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on the Soil Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Using Functional Ecotoxicogenomics. Environmental science & technology, 43(10): 3933-3940. Abstract
• Rosenman KD, Seixas N, Jacobs I. (1987). Potential nephrotoxic effects of exposure to silver. Br J Ind Med., 44(4):267-72. Abstract
• Samberg, M. E., Oldenburg, S. J., Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. (2010). Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity in Skin in Vivo and Keratinocytes in Vitro
  Environmental Health Perspectives. , 118(3): 407-413, doi:10.1289/ehp.0901398. Article.
• Sato, S., Sueki, H., Nishijima, A. (1999). Two unusual cases of argyria: the application of an improved tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis of selenium and sulphur in silver-laden granules. British Journal of Dermatology, 140(1): 158–163. Abstract
• Sawosz E, Binek M, Grodzik M, et al. (2007). Influence of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles on gastrointestinal microflora and morphology of enterocytes of quails. Archives of animal nutrition, 61(6): 444–451.
• Scown TM, Santos EM, Johnston BD, Gaiser B, Baalousha M, Mitov S, Lead JR, Stone V, Fernandes TF, Jepson M, van Aerle R, Tyler CR. (2010). Effects of aqueous exposure to silver nanoparticles of different sizes in rainbow trout.Toxicological Sciences, 115(2):521-34. PMID: 20219766. Abstract
• Shavandi Z, Ghazanfari T, Moghaddam KN. (2010). In vitro toxicity of silver nanoparticles on murine peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. , Online ahead of print. PMID: 20507217. Abstract
• Shin SH, Ye MK, Kim HS, Kang HS. (December 2007). The effects of nano-silver on the proliferation and cytokine expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Int Immunopharmacol., 7(13):1813-8. Abstract
• - NEW - William A. Shoults-Wilson, Brian C. Reinsch, Olga V. Tsyusko, Paul M. Bertsch, Gregory V. Lowry, & Jason M. Unrine (2011).Effect of silver nanoparticle surface coating on bioaccumulation and reproductive toxicity in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Nanotoxicology, 5(3): 432-444, doi:10.3109/17435390.2010.537382. Abstract.
• Soto, K., Garza, K.M. and Murr, L.E. (2007). Cytotoxic effects of aggregated nanomaterials. Acta Biomater., 3: 351–358. Abstract
• - NEW - Stebounova LV, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Kim JS, Park H, O'Shaughnessy PT, Grassian VH, Thorne PS.(2011). Nanosilver induces minimal lung toxicity or inflammation in a subacute murine inhalation model. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 8(1): 5, PMID: 21266073. Abstract.
• Sung JH, Ji JH, Park JD et al. (2009). Subchronic inhalation toxicity of silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci., 108(2):452-461. Abstract
• Sung, J.H., Ji, J.H., Yoon, J.U. et al. (April 2008). Lung Function Changes in Sprague-Dawley Rats After Prolonged Inhalation Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles. Inhalation Toxicology: 20(6), 567-574.
  Abstract
• Sur I, Cam D, Kahraman M, Baysal A, Culha M. (2010). Interaction of multi-functional silver nanoparticles with living cells. Nanotechnology, 21(17):175104. PMID: 20368680. Abstract
• Suzuki, Y., Yoshimaru, T., Yamashita, K. et al. (2001). Exposure of RBL-2H3 mast cells to Ag(+) induces cell degranulation and mediator release. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 283: 707–714. Abstract
• Takenaka, S., Karg,E., Roth, C. et al. (2001). Pulmonary and systemic distribution of inhaled ultrafine silver particles in rats. Environ. Health Perspect., 4(Suppl.): 547–551. Abstract
• Takenaka, S., Karg,E., Moller, W. et al. (2000). A morphologic study on the fate of ultrafine silver particles: distribution pattern of phagocytized metallic silver in vitro and in vivo. Inhal. Toxicol., 12: 291–299. Abstract
• Tang, JL; Xiong, L; Wang, S. et al. (November 2008). Influence of silver nanoparticles on neurons and blood-brain barrier via subcutaneous injection in rats. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 255(2):502-504.
• Trop, M., Novak, M. Rodl, S. et al. (March 2006). Silver-Coated Dressing Acticoat Caused Raised Liver Enzymes and Argyria-like Symptoms in Burn Patient. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care, 60(3):648-652. Abstract
• Van de Voorde, K., Nijsten, T. et al. (2005). Long-term use of silver containing nose-drops resulting in systemic argyria. Acta Clin. Belg., 60: 33–35. Abstract
• Wang, D.Y., Yang, P. (April 2007). Silver Exposure Causes Transferable Defects of Phenotypes and Behaviors in Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Environmental Bioindicators, 2(2): 89-98. Abstract
• VanWinkle, B. A., De Messy Bently, K. L., Malecki, J. M., Gunter, K. K., Evans, I. M., Elder, A., Finkelstein, J. N., Oberdorster, G., Gunter, T. E.(2009). Nanoparticle (NP) uptake by type I alveolar epithelial cells and their oxidant stress response.Nanotoxicology, 3(4): 307-318. Abstract
• Ward, T.J., Kramer J.R., Boeri, R.L., Gorsuch, J.W. (June 2006). Chronic toxicity of silver to the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata). Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 25(6): 1568-73. Abstract
• Ward, T.J., Boeri, R.L., Hogstrand, C., Kramer, J.R., Lussier, S.M., Stubblefield, W.A., Wyskiel, D.C., Gorsuch, J.W. (July 2006). Influence of salinity and organic carbon on the chronic toxicity of silver to mysids (Americamysis bahia) and silversides (Menidia beryllina). Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 25(7):1809-16. Abstract
• Wijnhoven, S.W.P, Peijnenburg, WJPN., Herberts, C.A et al. (June 2009). Nano-silver - a review of available data and knowledge gaps in human and environmental risk assessment. Nanotoxicology, 3(2): 109 - 138. Abstract
• Wise, J.P., Goodale, B. C., Wise, S. S., Craig, G. A., Pongan, A. F., Walter, R. B., Thompson, W. D., Ng, A. K., Aboueissa, A. M., Mitani, H., Spalding, M. J., Mason, M. D. (2010). Silver nanospheres are cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells. Aquatic Toxicology, 97(1): 34-41. Abstract
• Wood, C.M., Playle, R.C., and Hogstrand, C. (1999). Physiology And Modeling Of Mechanisms Of Silver Uptake And Toxicity In Fish. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18(1): 71-83. Abstract
• Wu Y, Zhou Q, Li H, Liu W, Wang T, Jiang G.(2010). Effects of silver nanoparticles on the development and histopathology biomarkers of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using the partial-life test. Aquatic Toxicology,100(2):160-7.Abstract
• Yang, WJ; Shen, CC; Ji, QL et al. (June 2009). Food storage material silver nanoparticles interfere with DNA replication fidelity and bind with DNA. Nanotechnology, 20 (8): Art. No. 085102. Abstract
• Yoshimaru, T., Suzuki, Y., Inoue,T. (2006). Silver activates mast cells through reactive oxygen species production and a thiol-sensitive store-independent Ca2+ influx, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 40: 1949–1959. Abstract
• Zhang, Y. and Sun, J. (2007). A Study on the bio-safety for nano-silver as anti-bacterial materials. Chin. J. Med. Instrumen., 31: 35–38. Abstract

Occupational, health and safety

• Armitage, S.A., White, M.A., H. Kerr Wilson, H.K. (1996). The determination of silver in whole blood and its application to biological monitoring of occupationally exposed groups. Am. occup. Hyg., 40(3): 331-338.
• Barrie, H.J., and Harding, H.E. (1947). Argyro-siderosis of the lungs in silver finishers. Brit. J. industr. Med., 4, 225. Article
• Brooks, S.M. (1981). Ultrastructural localization and chemical binding of silver ions in human organotypic skin cultures. Clin Chest Med., 2(2): 235-54. Abstract
• Cho, EA; Lee, WS; Kim, KM; Kim, SY. (November 2008). Occupational generalized argyria after exposure to aerosolized silver. Journal of Dermatology, 35(11):759-760.
• DiVincenzo, G. D., Giordano, C. J. and Schriever, L. S. (1985). Biologic monitoring of workers exposed to silver. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 56(3): 207-215. Abstract
• Drake, P.L. and Hazelwood, K.J. (2005). Exposure-Related Health Effects of Silver and Silver Compounds: A Review. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 49(7):575-585. Abstract
• Hussain, SM; Schlager, JJ. (April 2009). Safety Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles: Inhalation Model for Chronic Exposure. Toxicological Sciences, 108(2): 223-224. Abstract
• Kayarkar, R., Parker, AJ., Goepel, JR. (2003). The Sheffield nose - An occupational disease? Rhinology, 41(2):125-6. Abstract
• Kim, Y; Suh, HS; Cha, HJ. et al. (March 2009). A Case of Generalized Argyria After Ingestion of Colloidal Silver Solution. American Journal Of Industrial Medicine, 52(3): 246-250. Abstract
• Kulthong, K., Srisung, S., Boonpavanitchakul, K., Kangwansupamonkon, W., and Maniratanachote, R. (2010). Determination of silver nanoparticle release from antibacterial fabrics into artificial sweat Particle and Fibre Toxicology , 7(8), doi:10.1186/1743-8977-7-8. Article
• Larese FF, D'Agostin F, Crosera M, et al. (January 2009). Human skin penetration of silver nanoparticles through intact and damaged skin. Toxicology, 255(1-2):33-7. Abstract
• - NEW - Lee, J. H., K., M., Ji, J. H., Kang, C. S., Ahn, K. H., Han, J . H., Yu, E. L. (2011). Exposure assessment of workplaces manufacturing nanosized TiO2 and silver. Inhalation Toxicology, 23(4): 226-236, doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.562567). Abstract.
• Moss, A.P., Sugar, A., Hargett, N.A. et al. (1979). The ocular manifestations and functional effects of occupational argyrosis. Archives of Ophtalmology, 97(5). Abstract
• Nanomaterials Under REACH - Nanosilver as a Case Study. (2010) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands. Report
• Pala, G; Fronterre, A; Scafa, F. et al. (November 2008). Ocular Argyrosis in a Silver Craftsman. Journal of Occupational Health , 50(6):521-524. Abstract
• Pifer JW, Friedlander BR, Kintz RT, Stockdale DK. (1989). Absence of toxic effects in silver reclamation workers. Scand J Work Environ Health., 15(3):210-21. Abstract
• Rosenman KD, Seixas N, Jacobs I. (1987). Potential nephrotoxic effects of exposure to silver. Br J Ind Med., 44(4):267-72. Abstract
• Rosenman KD, Moss, A., Kon, S. (1979). Argyria - clinical implications of exposure to silver-nitrate and silver-oxide. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine, 21(6): 430-435. Abstract
• Tsai, SJ., Ada, E., Isaacs, JA., and Ellenbecker, MJ. (January 2009). Airborne nanoparticle exposures associated with the manual handling of nanoalumina and nanosilver in fume hoods. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11(1): 223-224. Abstract
• Weir, F.W. (1979). Health-hazard from occupational exposure to metallic copper and silver dust. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 40(3): 245-247. Abstract
• Williams, N. and Gardner, I. (1995). Absence of symptoms in silver refiners with raised blood silver levels. Occup. Med., 45(4): 205-8. Abstract

Detection, Measure and Remediation

• Benn, TM, Westerhoff P. (2008). Nanoparticle Silver Released into Water from Commercially Available Sock Fabrics. Environmental Science & Technology. Abstract
• Blaser, S.A., Scheringer, M., MacLeoda, M. and Hungerbühler, K. (2008). Estimation of cumulative aquatic exposure and risk due to silver: Contribution of nano-functionalized plastics and textiles. Science of The Total Environment, 390: 396–409. Abstract
• - NEW - Bolea E, Jiménez-Lamana J, Laborda F, Castillo JR.(2011). Size characterization and quantification of silver nanoparticles by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Size characterization and quantification of silver nanoparticles by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry., Online Ahead of Print, PMID: 21750882.Abstract.
• Choi, O; Cleuenger, TE; Deng, BL. et al. (April 2009). Role of sulfide and ligand strength in controlling nanosilver toxicity. Water Research,43(7): 1879-1886. Abstract
• Essumang, DK; Nortsu, BK. (2008). Analysis of silver in the water column of the Pra and the Eture estuaries in Ghana. Chemistry in Ecology, 24(4): 297-303. Abstract
• Howe, P.D. and Dr Dobson, S. (2002). Silver and silver compounds: environmental aspects. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document
• Kaegi R, Sinnet B, Zuleeg S, Hagendorfer H, Mueller E, Vonbank R, Boller M, Burkhardt M. (2010). Release of silver nanoparticles from outdoor facades. Environmental Pollution , 158(9):2900-5. Abstract
• - NEW - Kaegi, R., Voegeli, A., Sinnet, B., Zuleeg, S., Hagendorfer, H., Burkhardt, M., and Siegrist, H. (2011). Behavior of Metallic Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant.Environmental Science & Technology, 45 (9): 3902–3908. DOI: 10.1021/es1041892. Abstract.
• Kim, B., Park, C. S., Murayama, M., and M. F. Hochella, Jr.(2010). Discovery and Characterization of Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles in Final Sewage Sludge Products. Environmental Science & Technology , Online Ahead of Print, DOI: 10.1021/es101565j. Abstract.
• Kittler, S., Greulich, C., Diendorf†, J., Koller, M., and Epple, M. (2010). Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Increases during Storage Because of Slow Dissolution under Release of Silver Ions Chemistry of Materials , 22(16): 4548–4554 doi:10.1021/cm100023p. Abstract
• - NEW - Lee, J. H., K., M., Ji, J. H., Kang, C. S., Ahn, K. H., Han, J . H., Yu, E. L. (2011). Exposure assessment of workplaces manufacturing nanosized TiO2 and silver. Inhalation Toxicology, 23(4): 226-236, doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.562567). Abstract.
• Liu, J. and Hurt, R. H.(2010). Ion Release Kinetics and Particle Persistence in Aqueous Nano-Silver Colloids.Environmental Science & Technology, 44 (6), pp 2169–2175, DOI: 10.1021/es9035557 Abstract
• Manzoori JL, Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H, Amjadi M.. (2007). Ultra-trace determination of silver in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with a ligand-less cloud point extraction methodology. J Hazard Mater., 1;144(1-2): 458-63. Abstract
• Metian, M; Warnau, M. (November 2008). The tropical brown alga Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley: A prospective bioindicator for Ag contamination in tropical coastal waters. Bulletin Of Environmental Contamination And Toxicology, 81(5):455-458. Abstract
• Mueller, N.C, and Nowack, B. (2008). Exposure Modeling of Engineered Nanoparticles in the Environment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(12):4447–4453. Abstract
• Nanomaterials Under REACH - Nanosilver as a Case Study. (2010) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands. Report
• Ohta K, Saruma K, Kaneco S, et al. (2002). Preconcentration of trace silver with yeast for river water analysis. Ann Chim., 92(5-6): 587-94. Abstract
• Pinto, V. V., Ferreira, M. J., Silva, R., Santos, H.A., Silva, F. and Pereira, C.M. (2010). Long time effect on the stability of silver nanoparticles in aqueous medium: Effect of the synthesis and storage conditions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 364(1-3): 19-25 Abstract
• - NEW - Rezic, E. (2011). Determination of engineered nanoparticles on textiles and in textile wastewaters. Determination of engineered nanoparticles on textiles and in textile wastewaters.TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Online Ahead of Print, doi:10.1016/j.trac.2011.02.017. Abstract.
• Valverde, F; Costas, M; Pena, F. et al. (November 2008). Determination of total silver and silver species in coastal seawater by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry after batch sorption experiments with Chelex-100 resin. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 20(4):217-226. Abstract

Antimicrobial effects

DISCLAIMER! This category has not been updated in a very long time; due to limited resources we have to focus on other categories. The materials listed here are old (and only a small proportion of the available literature on this topic), but they are still useful.

• Baker C, Pradhan A, Pakstis L, et al. (2005). Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol., 5(2):244-9. Abstract
• Chen, X., Schluesener, HJ. (January 2008). Nanosilver: A nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicology Letters, 176(1): 1-12. Abstract
• Chen, J., Han, C.M., Lin, X.W., Tang, Z.J. and Su, S.J. (2006). Effect of silver nanoparticle dressing on second degree burn wound, Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi, 44(1):50–52. Abstract
• Cheng, D., Yang, J. and Zhao, Y. (2004). Antibacterial materials of silver nanoparticles application in medical appliances and appliances for daily use. Chin. Med. Equip. J., 4:26–32.
• Cho, K.H., Park, J.E., Osaka, T., and Park, S-G. (November 2005). The study of antimicrobial activity and preservative effects of nanosilver ingredient. Electrochimica Acta, 51,5: 956-960. Abstract
• Choi O, Yu CP, Esteban Fernández G, Hu Z. (2010). Interactions of nanosilver with Escherichia coli cells in planktonic and biofilm cultures. Water Research , E-Pub Ahead of Print.PMID: 20659752 Abstract
• Cohen, M.S., Stern, J.M., Vanni, et al. (2007). In vitro analysis of a nanocrystalline silver-coated surgical mesh. Surg. Infect., 8: 397–403. Abstract
• Edward-Jones V. (2006). Antimicrobial and barrier effects of silver against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Wound Care, 15(7):285-290. Abstract
• Elechiguerra, J.L. Burt, J.L., Morones, J.R. et al. (2005). Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1. J. Nanobiotechnol., 3:6. Abstract
• Engineered Nanoparticles: Review of Health and Environmental Safety (ENRHES). (2010, January). Edinburgh Napier University, Institute of Occupational Medicine (ION), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), and the Institute of Nanotechnology (IoN). Final Report
• Ip, M., Lui, S.L., Poon, V.K.M., Lung, I. and Burd, A. (2006) Antimicrobial activities of silver dressings: an in vitro comparison. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 55: 59-63. Abstract
• Jiang, H., Manolache, S., Wong, A.C.L., Denes, F.S. (May 2004). Plasma-enhanced deposition of Silver nanoparticles onto polymer and metal surfaces for the generation of antimicrobial characteristics. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 93:3: 1411-1422. Abstract
• Jose, R.M., Jose, L.E., Alejandra, C. (2005). The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 16: 2346–2353. Abstract
• Jung, W. K., Koo, H. C., Kim, K. W. et al. (2008). Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Silver Ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74: 2171-2178. Abstract
• Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, et al. (2007). Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine, 3(1):95-101. Abstract
• Kulthong, K., Srisung, S., Boonpavanitchakul, K., Kangwansupamonkon, W., and Maniratanachote, R. (2010). Determination of silver nanoparticle release from antibacterial fabrics into artificial sweat Particle and Fibre Toxicology , 7(8), doi:10.1186/1743-8977-7-8. Abstract
• Lansdown, A.B. (2006). Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use. Current problems in dermatology, 33:17-34. Abstract
• Lee, H.Y., Park, H.K., Lee, Y.M. and al. (2007). A practical procedure for producing silver nanocoated fabric and its antibacterial evaluation for biomedical applications. Chem. Commun. (Camb.), 28: 2959–2961. Abstract
• Li Q, Mahendra S, Lyon DY, Brunet L, Liga MV, Li D, Alvarez PJ. (2008). Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications.Water Research, 42(18):4591-602. Abstract
• Liang Z, Das A, Hu Z. (2010). Bacterial response to a shock load of nanosilver in an activated sludge treatment system. Water Research , Online Ahead of print, PMID: 20638703. Abstract
• Lok CN, Ho CM, Chen R, et al. (2007). Silver nanoparticles: partial oxidation and antibacterial activities. J Biol Inorg Chem., 12(4):527-34. Abstract
• Martinez-Gutierrez F, Olive PL, Banuelos A, Orrantia E, Nino N, Sanchez EM, Ruiz F, Bach H, Av-Gay Y.(2010). Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of silver and titanium nanoparticles. Nanomedicine , Online ahead of print. PMID: 20215045Abstract
• Melaiye, A., Youngs, W.J. (February 2005). Silver and its application as an antimicrobial agent. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 15,2: 125-130(6). Abstract
• Morones, J.R., Elechiguerra, J.L., Camacho, A. et al. (2005). The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 16: 2346-2353. Abstract
• Pal, S., Tak, Y.K., and Song, J.M. (2007). Does antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle depend on shape of nanoparticle? A study on Gram-negative E. coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. Abstract
• Panacek A, Kvítek L, Prucek R, et al. (2007). Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity. J Phys Chem B., 110(33):16248-53. Abstract
• Perelshtein, I; Applerot, G; Perkas, N. et al. (June 2008). Sonochemical coating of silver nanoparticles on textile fabrics (nylon, polyester and cotton) and their antibacterial activity. Nanotechnology, 19(24). Abstract
• Raffi M, Hussain F, Bhatti TM, et al. (March 2008). Antibacterial characterization of silver nanoparticles against E. coli ATCC-15224. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 24(2): 192-196. Abstract
• -NEW-Samberg ME, Orndorff PE, Monteiro-Riviere NA. (2011). Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles of different sizes, surface conditions and synthesis methods. Nanotoxicology, 5(2):244-53, PMID: 21034371. Abstract
• Shahverdi AR, Fakhimi A, Shahverdi HR, Minaian S. (June 2007). Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nanomedicine, 3(2):168-71. Abstract
• Silver, S., Le T. Phung and Silver, G. (2006). Silver as biocides in burn and wound dressings and bacterial resistance to silver compounds. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 33: 627-634.
  Article
• Sotiriou GA, Pratsinis SE. (2010). Antibacterial activity of nanosilver ions and particles. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(14):5649-54, PMID: 20583805. Abstract
• Tolaymat TM, El Badawy AM, Genaidy A, Scheckel KG, Luxton TP, Suidan M.(2010). An evidence-based environmental perspective of manufactured silver nanoparticle in syntheses and applications: a systematic review and critical appraisal of peer-reviewed scientific papers. Science of the Total Environment , 408(5):999-1006,PMID: 19945151. Abstract
• Vigneshwaran, N.; Kathe, A.A.; Varadarajan, P.V. et al. (2007). Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using silver nanoparticles. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7: 1893–1897. Abstract
• Yu, H., Xu, X., Chen, X. et. (2007). Preparation and antibacterial effects of PVA-PVP hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103(1):125-133. Abstract
• Zeng, F. Hou, C., Wu, S. et al. (2007). Silver nanoparticles directly formed on natural macroporous matrix and their
  anti-microbial activities. Nanotechnology, 18, 055605.
  Article

Microbial resistance

DISCLAIMER! This category has not been updated in a very long time; due to limited resources we have to focus on other categories. The materials listed here are old (and only a small proportion of the available literature on this topic), but they are still useful.

• Bridges K, Kidson A, Lowbury EJ et al. (1979). Gentamicin- and silver-resistant Pseudomonas in a burns unit. Br Med J., 1:446–9. Abstract
• Chopra I. (2007). The increasing use of silver-based products as antimicrobial agents: a useful development or a cause for concern? Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 59:587–590. Abstract
• Davis, I. J., Richards, H., Mullany, P. (June 2005). Isolation of silver- and antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter cloacae from teeth. Oral Microbiology and Immunology. 20,3: 191. Abstract
• Deshpande, LM, Chopade, BA. (1994). Plasmid mediated silver resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Biometals, 7:49–56. Abstract
• Friends of the Earth. (March 2007). Nanosilver - a threat to soil, water and human health? Report.
• Gupta, A., Matsui, K., Lo, J.F. & Silver, S. (1999). Molecular basis for resistance to silver cations in Salmonella. Nature Medicine. 5, 183-188. Article
• Gupta, A., and Silver, S. (October 1998). Silver as a biocide. Will resistance become a problem? Nature Biotechnology, 16:888. Article
• Gupta A, Maynes M, Silver S. (1998). Effects of halides on plasmid-mediated silver resistance in Escherichia coli. Appl Env Microbiol., 12:5042–5045. Article
• Hendry AT, Stewart IO. (1979). Silver-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from hospital patients. Can J Microbiol., 25:915–21. Abstract
• Katsikogianni, M. and Missirlis, Y.F. (2004). Concise review of mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterials and of techniques used in estimating bacteriamaterial interactions. European Cells and Materials. 8: 37-57. Article
• Klaus, K., Joerger, R., Olsson, E., and Granqvist, C.G. (November 1999). Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated. PNAS, 96,24: 13611-13614. Article
• Landsdown AB, Williams A. (January 2007). Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care and medical devices. J Wound Care., 16(1):15-9. Abstract
• Ledrich, M.L., Stemmler, S., Laval-Gilly, P., Foucaud, L., and Falla, J. (December 2005). Precipitation of Silver-Thiosulfate Complex and Immobilization of Silver by Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34. BioMetals, 18,6: 643-650. Abstract
• Li X-Z, Nikaido H, Williams KE. 1997. Silver-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli display active efflux of Ag+ and are deficient in porins. J Bacteriol. , 179(19):6127–6132. Abstract
• Lok, CN; Ho, CM; Chen, R. et al. (June 2008). Proteomic identification of the Cus system as a major determinant of constitutive Escherichia coli silver resistance of chromosomal origin. Journal of proteome research, 7(6): 2351-2356. Abstract
• McHugh, GL, Moellering, RC, Hopkins, CC et al. (1975). Salmonella typhimurium resistant to silver nitrate, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin. Lancet, 1: 235–40. Abstract
• Margulis, L., and Case, E. (November-December 2006). The germs of life. Orion. Article
• Percival SL, Woods E, Nutekpor M., et al. (March 2008). Prevalence of silver resistance in bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and efficacy of silver-containing wound dressings. Ostomy Wound Manage., 54(3):30-40. Abstract
• Percival SL, Bowler PG, Russell D. (2005). Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care. J Hosp Infect., 60(1):1-7. Abstract
• Silver, S., Le T. Phung and Silver, G. (2006). Silver as biocides in burn and wound dressings and bacterial resistance to silver compounds. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 33: 627-634. Article
• Silver, S. (2003). Bacterial silver resistance: molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 27:341-353. Abstract
• Slawson, R. M., Lohmeier-Vogel, E. M., Lee, H. and Trevors, J. T. (1994). Silver resistance in Pseudomonas stutzeri. BioMetals, 7,1: 30-40. Abstract
• Tenover FC. (2006). Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Am J Infect Control, 34(S1):S3-S10. Abstract

Press Articles

Last updated September 2011 - Maria Powell